Learn about what an e-bike is, the 3-bike classes Washington uses and some key components of e-bikes.
What is an E-Bike?
An electric bike (e-bike) combines traditional pedaling with battery-powered assistance. A small motor helps you pedal, making hills easier and extending your range without replacing the cycling experience entirely. Some e-bikes have a small throttle which allows the motor to power the bike without you pedaling. E- bikes have a max speed of either 20mph or 28mph depending on the class of e-bike. Riding an e-bike can feel different to riding a non-electric bike.
All e-bikes in Washington have certain legal requirements and must:
- be 750 watts or less
- have working pedals
- have wheels 16inches or bigger
- have 2 or 3 wheels
- have a seat
- be a class 1, 2 or 3
- have a max speed of either 20mph or 28mph
E-bike classes in Washington
Class 1 e-bikes – you must pedal for the motor to assist you. Maximum speed 20mph
Class 2 e-bikes – you can pedal or use the throttle and not pedal. The motor will power the e-bike up to 20mph
Class 3 e-bikes – you must pedal for the motor to assist you. Maximum speed 28mph
Multimode e-bikes – an e-bike that can be programmed into any of the 3 classes and their maximum speeds.
Types of e-bikes
There are different types of e-bike within each class too!
Commuter / city bikes have a more upright position and are often sold with or the ability to add, fenders, lights, and racks for daily transportation
Cargo bikes have an extended frame or platform for hauling kids, groceries, or equipment, some even have a large bucket on the front of the bike!
Folding bikes have a compact design for storage in apartments, car trunks or commuting on transit
Tricycle bikes can be any of the classes and have 3 wheels and often baskets for groceries.
Adaptive e-bikes can be any of the 3 classes and may use hand pedals or have a recumbent style. They are often customized to the individual’s needs.
There are also performance type e-bikes but you can’t use your WE-bike rebate for these:
Road/Hybrid: Lighter weight, drop bars or flat bars for fitness and longer rides
Mountain: Robust build, suspension, knobby tires for off-road adventures
Key components of e-bikes
Motor types
E-bikes can have different types of motors that provide assistance, you’ll want to consider which is right for your needs and budget.
Hub motors are located in the front or rear wheel, are quieter, lower maintenance and don’t have a visible bike chain
Mid-drive motors are located at the pedals which drive a chain; they’re better for hills and heavy cargo
Battery basics
Always look for the UL2271 certification on e-bike batteries. Never charge your battery with off-brand chargers. Always use the charger issued by the manufacturer. Learn more about battery safety here…
Battery capacity is measured in watt-hours (Wh) – higher numbers mean a longer range. In Washington state your e-bike must be 750 watts or less
Battery range is how far you can ride your e-bike on a single battery charge. This ranges between 20-75 miles per charge and depends on the type of battery, terrain, weight of bike and rider and assistance level you use
Charging time is how long it takes to completely charge your battery from 0%-100%. This range depends on the battery type and charger type, anywhere between 4-10 hours for a full charge is typical
Battery position – some e-bikes have batteries embedded in the frame others have them in a place where they can be removed and charged separately from the bike
Display and controls
- E-bikes have a digital display showing battery level, speed, distance, and assistance settings
- E-bike controls allow you to adjust power levels (usually 3-5 settings)
Brakes
It’s important to choose the right brake type based on your riding style, budget, and local weather conditions. Regular maintenance and inspection of your e-bike brakes are crucial for ensuring safety and longevity.
Rim Brakes are simple, but less effective in wet conditions. They are often found on e-bikes under $800
Mechanical Disc Brakes work well in all weather conditions and are commonly found on mid-range e-bikes
Hydraulic Disc Brakes have more superior stopping power, modulation, and performance in all weather conditions